Operators in Java

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Operators are symbols that perform operations on variables and values. Java supports several types of operators:

Relational (Comparison) Operators

These are used to compare two values. The result is a boolean (true or false).

Operator	Operator	Example
==	Equal to	a == b
!=	Not equal to	a != b
>	Greater than	a > b
<	Less than	a < b
>=	Greater than or equal to	a >= b
<=	Less than or equal to	a <= b

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public class RelationalExample {    public static void main(String[] args) {        int a = 10;        int b = 5;        System.out.println("a == b: " + (a == b));        System.out.println("a != b: " + (a != b));        System.out.println("a > b: " + (a > b));        System.out.println("a < b: " + (a < b));        System.out.println("a >= b: " + (a >= b));        System.out.println("a <= b: " + (a <= b));    }}

Output

a == b: false
a != b: true
a > b: true
a < b: false
a >= b: true
a <= b: false

Arithmetic Operators

These are used to perform basic arithmetic operations.

Operator	Description	Example
+	Addition	5 + 3 = 8
-	Subtraction	5 - 3 = 2
*	Multiplication	5 * 3 = 15
/	Division	15 / 3 = 5
%	Modulus (remainder)	5 % 3 = 2

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public class ArithmeticExample {    public static void main(String[] args) {        int a = 10;        int b = 3;        System.out.println("Addition: " + (a + b));        System.out.println("Subtraction: " + (a - b));        System.out.println("Multiplication: " + (a * b));        System.out.println("Division: " + (a / b));        System.out.println("Modulus: " + (a % b));    }}

Output

Addition: 13
Subtraction: 7
Multiplication: 30
Division: 3
Modulus: 1

Logical Operators

These are used to perform logical operations on boolean expressions.

Operator	Description	Example
\|\|	Logical OR	condition1 \|\| condition2
&&	Logical AND	a && b
!	Logical NOT	!a

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public class LogicalExample {    public static void main(String[] args) {        boolean a = true;        boolean b = false;​        System.out.println("a && b: " + (a && b)); // false        System.out.println("a || b: " + (a || b)); // true        System.out.println("!a: " + (!a));         // false    }}

Output

a && b: false
a || b: true
!a: false

Assignment Operators

These are used to assign values to variables.

Operator	Description	Example
=	Assign	a = 10
+=	Add and assign	`a += 5` (same as `a = a + 5`)
-=	Subtract and assign	a -= 3
*=	Multiply and assign	a *= 2
/=	Divide and assign	a /= 2

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public class AssignmentExample {    public static void main(String[] args) {        int a = 10;        a += 5;        System.out.println("a += 5: " + a);​        a -= 3;        System.out.println("a -= 3: " + a);​        a *= 2;        System.out.println("a *= 2: " + a);​        a /= 2;        System.out.println("a /= 2: " + a);    }}

Output

a += 5: 15
a -= 3: 12
a *= 2: 24
a /= 2: 12

Bitwise AND (&) and Bitwise OR (|) Operators in Java

The bitwise operators in Java allow you to manipulate individual bits of data types like integers and bytes. Bitwise operations are different from logical operators (&&, ||) because they operate directly on the binary representations of integers rather than evaluating boolean expressions.

Bitwise AND (&)

The bitwise AND operator (&) performs a binary AND operation on two integer values, comparing each bit of the two integers. The result is a binary value where a bit is set to 1 only if both corresponding bits in the two operands are 1. If either bit is 0, the resulting bit is 0.

Syntax:

result = operand1 & operand2;

Bitwise AND Operation:
1 & 1 = 1
1 & 0 = 0
0 & 1 = 0
0 & 0 = 0

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public class BitwiseANDExample {    public static void main(String[] args) {        int a = 6;  // Binary: 0110        int b = 3;  // Binary: 0011​        int result = a & b; // Perform bitwise AND        System.out.println("Result of a & b: " + result); // Output: 2    }}

Explanation:

a = 6 is 0110 in binary.
b = 3 is 0011 in binary.
Performing 0110 & 0011 results in 0010, which is 2 in decimal.

0110  (6 in binary)
&
0011  (3 in binary)
------
0010  (Result = 2)

Bitwise OR (|)

The bitwise OR operator (|) performs a binary OR operation on two integer values, comparing each bit of the two operands. The result is a binary value where a bit is set to 1 if either of the corresponding bits in the two operands is 1. If both bits are 0, the resulting bit is 0.

Syntax:

result = operand1 | operand2;

Bitwise OR Operation:
1 | 1 = 1
1 | 0 = 1
0 | 1 = 1
0 | 0 = 0

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public class BitwiseORExample {    public static void main(String[] args) {        int a = 6;  // Binary: 0110        int b = 3;  // Binary: 0011​        int result = a | b; // Perform bitwise OR        System.out.println("Result of a | b: " + result); // Output: 7    }}

Explanation:

a = 6 is 0110 in binary.
b = 3 is 0011 in binary.
Performing 0110 | 0011 results in 0111, which is 7 in decimal.

0110  (6 in binary)
|
0011  (3 in binary)
------
0111  (Result = 7)

Operators in Java

Bitwise AND (&) and Bitwise OR (|) Operators in Java

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